Chapter 4: Wildlife Conservation and Management
Habitat Management

The most important aspect of wildlife conservation is habitat management. Habitat loss presents the greatest threat to wildlife.

These essential elements must be present to provide a healthy habitat: food, water, cover, space, and space in a proper arrangement.

• The need for food and water is obvious. Cover is not only needed as shelter from the elements and predators, but it's also necessary to protect animals while they are feeding, breeding, roosting, nesting, and traveling. Cover can range from thick weeds and brush to a few rocks piled together.

• Space is necessary to avoid over-competition for food. Some animals also need a certain amount of territorial space for mating and nesting. When crowded, some species may develop stress-related diseases.

• Arrangement refers to the placement of food, water, cover, and space in a habitat. The ideal arrangement allows animals to meet all of their needs in a small area so that they minimize the energy they use traveling from food to cover to water.
• For example, quail will spend much of their time where shrub and grassland areas meet. This is called edge effect. Most animals can be found where food and cover meet, particularly near a water source. River bottoms are ideal, offering many animals all their habitat needs in one area.

Another way to measure the health of a habitat is biodiversity, which is the number and variety of plant and animal species in an area. When the biodiversity of an area decreases, the habitat is not healthy.

Remember ... No North American animal has become extinct because of sport hunting.