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Official Pennsylvania Hunting Safety Course Link to Pennsylvania Game Commission

Chapter 10: Safe Hunting Skills
Safe Shot Selection

The ability to take game animals or dispatch furbearers safely and humanely is based on knowing:

  • Where to aim—requires knowledge of game anatomy
  • The limitations of your firearm and your shooting skill
  • What is next to, beyond, or beneath the target

With this knowledge, hunters and trappers can effectively reduce wounding losses and hunting-related shooting incidents (HRSIs).

Shot Angles

Quartering-Away Shots

  • Target is facing away from you at an angle.
  • Very effective for deer and similar-sized animals.
  • Aim at the chest area above the opposite front leg for a lung shot.
Quartering-away shot

Broadside Shots

  • Best shot for elk, bear, and other large game animals.
  • Large target aiming area.
  • Aiming point is behind front shoulder.
  • If possible, wait until the nearest leg is extended forward; this moves the scapula out of the target area.
Broadside shot

Head-On Shots

  • Not recommended—rarely results in a clean kill.
  • Ruins a lot of meat.
  • Very narrow target area.
  • Should not be taken if hunter is using a bow.
Head-on shot

Rear-End Shots

  • Should not be taken by hunters using firearms or bows.
Rear-end shot

Quartering-Toward Shots

  • Animal is facing toward you but at an angle; presents a clear shot at the vital organs.
  • Animal is likely to see your movements because it is facing your direction.
  • Use the chest area above the nearest front leg as an aiming point for a lung shot.
Quartering-toward shot

"Don't-Shoot" Situations

  • Animal is running.
  • Animal is on the crest of a hill.
  • Animal moves out of your zone-of-fire.
  • Animal is on private property.
  • Animal is in or near a safety zone.
  • Vital organs are covered by brush, trees, etc.
  • You are unsure of what's behind the animal.
  • Other animals in a group are blocking the target animal's vitals or are behind the animal.
  • Distance is too great for the firearm or your skill.
  • Your visibility is limited by fog, snowfall, sunshine, or nightfall.
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Pennsylvania Hunting
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Official hunting safety course for Pennsylvania hunters last modified: August 17, 2010
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