Safely Loading and Unloading Firearms

Even something as simple as loading or unloading a firearm can result in tragedy if it isn't done properly. Here's how to do it safely.

Loading

• Point the muzzle in a safe direction.
• Open the action; make sure the barrel and chamber are unobstructed.
• Put the safety on if the firearm can be loaded with the safety on.
• Load the ammunition.
• Close the action.

Unloading

• Point the muzzle in a safe direction.
• Attempt to engage the safety.
• Keep your finger outside the trigger guard.
• Open the action.
• Remove the ammunition; eject cartridges or shells if it's the only way to remove them—use extra care with lever-action firearms. (Read more about the different types of firearm actions.)
• Count shells or cartridges to make sure the gun is empty.
• Ensure the safety is on.
• Visually check the chamber and receiver/magazine to make sure it's clear.

Removal of ammunition from the magazine or removal of the magazine from the firearm does not mean the firearm is unloaded!