Wildlife Identification

Developing wildlife identification skills is a basic requirement for hunters. Knowing the key characteristics of animals will help you distinguish between similar species and between the male and female of the same species. Mistakes in identification can lead to illegal harvest of game or non-game animals. To identify game properly, you must learn to recognize key characteristics of the animal you’re hunting.

Identifying animals accurately is a skill that improves with experience. It can be difficult, especially when you must observe quickly or when the differences between animals are subtle. Sometimes the difference between animals in the same species is only the size of their ears or distinctive coloring. Scat and tracks provide additional clues for identifying species.

Many resources are available for learning about wildlife. Good sources are books, television shows featuring hunting and nature topics, and websites such as that of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.

Wild animals are generally divided into five groups:

Large mammals
Small mammals
Upland birds
Waterfowl
Rare, protected, or endangered species

Other wildlife groups are wetland birds and birds of prey.

Bald Eagle

Whooping Crane

Maryland Department
of Natural Resources

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Official hunting safety course for Maryland hunters last modified: September 6, 2011
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