Safely Loading and Unloading Firearms

Even something as simple as loading or unloading a firearm can result in tragedy if it isn’t done properly. Here’s how to do it safely.

Loading

• Control the muzzle. Point it in a safe direction. Know the location of all people in your area.
• Open the action and check its operation. Make sure the barrel is unobstructed.
• Put the safety on if the firearm can be loaded with the safety on.
• Load the ammunition. Count your cartridges or shells.
• Close the action on an empty chamber.
• Put the safety on if you were not able to do so before loading.

Courteously Accepting a Firearm

1. Check that the action is open before touching the firearm.
2. Visually check the chamber and magazine before touching the firearm.
3. Grasp the firearm with both hands, keeping the muzzle pointed in a safe direction.
4. Say “thank you” when in positive control of the firearm to alert the passer to release the firearm.

Unloading

• Control the muzzle. Point it in a safe direction. Know the location of all people in your area.
• Put the safety on if it is not already on.
• Keep your finger outside the trigger guard.
• Open the action.
• Remove the ammunition by first detaching the magazine. Eject cartridges or shells if it’s the only way to remove them. Do not let the action completely close. Use extra care with lever action firearms. See Chapter Two to read about specific firearm actions.
• Count your cartridges to make sure the magazine is empty.
• Make sure the gun is empty by checking both the chamber and the magazine.

Removal of ammunition from the magazine or removal of the magazine from the firearm does not mean the firearm is unloaded! Count your cartridges.