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Official Alaska Hunting Safety Course Link to Alaska Department of Fish & Game

Hello, hunter! Alaska's online hunting course has moved. Click here to go to the latest version of the Today's Hunter in Alaska course—the official hunting safety course of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game.

The following course material is for reference only. Please go to the new course to complete your Alaska certification.

Ways to Improve Shooting With Steel Shot

Use tested steel shotshell loads.

  • Make sure you buy the appropriate size steel shotshells.
  • Review the chart “Proven Steel Shot Loads for Waterfowl” published by the Cooperative North American Shotgunning Education Program.

Pattern your shotgun.

  • Shotguns pattern differently depending on the type of shot as well as other factors.
  • Pattern testing helps you find the maximum effective range for your shotgun.

Adjust your gun and practice shooting.

  • Gun fit, mounting, swing speed, and forward allowance are critical to shooting success.
  • Be sure your gun is properly adjusted.
  • Practice shooting at moving targets throughout the year.

Learn your necessary forward allowance—the air space needed to make consistent, clean hits.

  • Forward allowance looks different for each person based on a number of factors.
  • This is necessary to shoot at any practical distance.

Practice with the same loads you use when hunting. Using different loads when practicing or hunting makes learning difficult.

Steel Shot and its Effect on Wounding Loss

Extensive field tests demonstrate that when velocity and shot size selection have been properly adjusted for there is no significant difference in wounding loss between steel shot and lead shot.

  • Pattern test your gun and choke.
  • Choose effective loads.
  • Practice your shotgun skills.
  • Shoot within range of your shooting ability.

Make sure to keep your steel shot size within legal standards. It is illegal to use shot larger than size T (0.20" diameter) for migratory birds in Alaska.

Comparison of common shotgun chokes:
their relative patterning efficiency, nominal bore construction in 12 gauge, and typical applications
Choke Relative Pattern Efficiency (1) Typical Applications (2)
Full 70% Long range, still targets, turkeys
Improved-Modified (IM) 65% Large birds mid-range
Modified (Mod) 60% Large birds mid-range
Improved Cylinder (IC) 55% Waterfowl over decoys, upland birds
Skeet 45-50% Snipe, clay targets, short range
Cylinder < 50% Slug barrels

(1) Relative pattern efficiency for lead shot as the percentage of in-shell shot hitting within a 30-inch circle at 40 yards. Performance varies even among individual chokes of the same origin. Testing on the range is important to prove the relative patterning performance of any choke. Because steel shot is more round than lead, pattern efficiency through these chokes will be 10-20% higher than lead values shown.
(2) The effectiveness of chokes for various applications is very dependent on shot size, charge weight, specific distances, and other factors.

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Alaska Hunting
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Official hunting safety course for Alaska hunters last modified: November 16, 2011
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